List of Tables
    Table 1. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Market Size by Type (K MT) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028)
    Table 2. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Market Size by Application (K MT) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028)
    Table 3. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Market Size Comparison by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
    Table 4. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Table 5. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 6. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 7. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
    Table 8. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Cyanoacrylate Adhesive as of 2021)
    Table 10. Global Market Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022)
    Table 11. Manufacturers Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Sites and Area Served
    Table 12. Manufacturers Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Product Types
    Table 13. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
    Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
    Table 15. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT) by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 16. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 17. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 18. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 19. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 20. North America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 21. Europe Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 22. China Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 23. Japan Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 24. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Market by Region (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Table 25. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Table 26. North America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Table 27. Europe Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Table 28. Asia Pacific Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption by Region (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Table 29. Latin America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Table 30. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 31. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 32. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 33. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 34. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Price (USD/MT) by Type (2017-2022)
    Table 35. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production by Application (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Table 36. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 37. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 38. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 39. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Price (USD/MT) by Application (2017-2022)
    Table 40. 3M Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 41. 3M Specification and Application
    Table 42. 3M Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 43. 3M Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 44. 3M Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 45. AdCo Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 46. AdCo Specification and Application
    Table 47. AdCo Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 48. AdCo Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 49. AdCo Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 50. Adhesive Technologies Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 51. Adhesive Technologies Specification and Application
    Table 52. Adhesive Technologies Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 53. Adhesive Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 54. Adhesive Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 55. American Chemical Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 56. American Chemical Specification and Application
    Table 57. American Chemical Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 58. American Chemical Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 59. American Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 60. Arkema Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 61. Arkema Specification and Application
    Table 62. Arkema Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 63. Arkema Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 64. Arkema Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 65. Benson Polymers Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 66. Benson Polymers Specification and Application
    Table 67. Benson Polymers Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 68. Benson Polymers Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 69. Benson Polymers Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 70. Chemence Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 71. Chemence Specification and Application
    Table 72. Chemence Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 73. Chemence Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 74. Chemence Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 75. Cyberbond Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 76. Cyberbond Specification and Application
    Table 77. Cyberbond Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 78. Cyberbond Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 79. Cyberbond Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 80. DELO Industrial Adhesives Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 81. DELO Industrial Adhesives Specification and Application
    Table 82. DELO Industrial Adhesives Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 83. DELO Industrial Adhesives Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 84. DELO Industrial Adhesives Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 85. DowDuPont Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 86. DowDuPont Specification and Application
    Table 87. DowDuPont Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 88. DowDuPont Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 89. DowDuPont Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 90. Dymax Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 91. Dymax Specification and Application
    Table 92. Dymax Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 93. Dymax Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 94. Dymax Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 95. Franklin International Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 96. Franklin International Specification and Application
    Table 97. Franklin International Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 98. Franklin International Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 99. Franklin International Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 100. H.B. Fuller Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 101. H.B. Fuller Specification and Application
    Table 102. H.B. Fuller Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 103. H.B. Fuller Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 104. H.B. Fuller Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 105. Henkel Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 106. Henkel Specification and Application
    Table 107. Henkel Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 108. Henkel Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 109. Henkel Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 110. Henkel Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 111. ITW Specification and Application
    Table 112. ITW Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 113. ITW Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 114. ITW Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 115. Jowat Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 116. Jowat Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 117. Jowat Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 118. Jowat Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 119. Intact Adhesives Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 120. Intact Adhesives Specification and Application
    Table 121. Intact Adhesives Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 122. Intact Adhesives Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 123. Intact Adhesives Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 124. Mapei Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 125. Mapei Specification and Application
    Table 126. Mapei Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 127. Mapei Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 128. Mapei Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 129. MasterBond Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 130. MasterBond Specification and Application
    Table 131. MasterBond Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 132. MasterBond Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 133. MasterBond Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 134. Ninghai Dingcheng Adhesive Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 135. Ninghai Dingcheng Adhesive Specification and Application
    Table 136. Ninghai Dingcheng Adhesive Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 137. Ninghai Dingcheng Adhesive Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 138. Ninghai Dingcheng Adhesive Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 139. Pidilite Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 140. Pidilite Specification and Application
    Table 141. Pidilite Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 142. Pidilite Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 143. Pidilite Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 144. Royal Adhesives Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 145. Royal Adhesives Specification and Application
    Table 146. Royal Adhesives Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 147. Royal Adhesives Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 148. Royal Adhesives Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 149. Sika Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 150. Sika Specification and Application
    Table 151. Sika Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 152. Sika Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 153. Sika Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 154. Super Glue Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 155. Super Glue Specification and Application
    Table 156. Super Glue Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 157. Super Glue Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 158. Super Glue Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 159. Tesa Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 160. Tesa Specification and Application
    Table 161. Tesa Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 162. Tesa Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 163. Tesa Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 164. Tong Shen Enterprise Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Corporation Information
    Table 165. Tong Shen Enterprise Specification and Application
    Table 166. Tong Shen Enterprise Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
    Table 167. Tong Shen Enterprise Main Business and Markets Served
    Table 168. Tong Shen Enterprise Recent Developments/Updates
    Table 169. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
    Table 170. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
    Table 171. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Distributors List
    Table 172. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Customers List
    Table 173. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Market Trends
    Table 174. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Market Drivers
    Table 175. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Market Challenges
    Table 176. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Market Restraints
    Table 177. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
    Table 178. North America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K MT)
    Table 179. Europe Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K MT)
    Table 180. Asia Pacific Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K MT)
    Table 181. Latin America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K MT)
    Table 182. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (K MT)
    Table 183. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
    Table 184. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (USD/MT)
    Table 185. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (K MT)
    Table 186. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
    Table 187. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (USD/MT)
    Table 188. Research Programs/Design for This Report
    Table 189. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
    Table 190. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
    Figure 1. Product Picture of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive
    Figure 2. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2028
    Figure 3. Alkoxy-ethyl-based Product Picture
    Figure 4. Ethyl-ester-based Product Picture
    Figure 5. Methyl-ester-based Product Picture
    Figure 6. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2028
    Figure 7. Automobiles
    Figure 8. Footwear & Leather
    Figure 9. Furniture
    Figure 10. Consumer Goods
    Figure 11. Electronics
    Figure 12. Others
    Figure 13. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
    Figure 14. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue (US$ Million) (2017-2028)
    Figure 15. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Capacity (K MT) & (2017-2028)
    Figure 16. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) & (2017-2028)
    Figure 17. North America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 18. Europe Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 19. China Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 20. Japan Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
    Figure 21. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Share by Manufacturers in 2021
    Figure 22. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2021
    Figure 23. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021
    Figure 24. Global Market Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Manufacturers in 2021
    Figure 25. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue in 2021
    Figure 26. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Figure 27. North America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 28. Europe Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 29. China Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 30. Japan Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
    Figure 31. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
    Figure 32. North America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 33. North America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
    Figure 34. Canada Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 35. U.S. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 36. Europe Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 37. Europe Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
    Figure 38. Germany Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 39. France Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 40. U.K. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 41. Italy Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 42. Russia Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 43. Asia Pacific Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 44. Asia Pacific Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2021
    Figure 45. China Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 46. Japan Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 47. South Korea Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 48. China Taiwan Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 49. Southeast Asia Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 50. India Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 51. Australia Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 52. Latin America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 53. Latin America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
    Figure 54. Mexico Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 55. Brazil Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K MT)
    Figure 56. Production Market Share of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive by Type (2017-2022)
    Figure 57. Production Market Share of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive by Type in 2021
    Figure 58. Revenue Share of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive by Type (2017-2022)
    Figure 59. Revenue Market Share of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive by Type in 2021
    Figure 60. Production Market Share of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive by Application (2017-2022)
    Figure 61. Production Market Share of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive by Application in 2021
    Figure 62. Revenue Share of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive by Application (2017-2022)
    Figure 63. Revenue Market Share of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive by Application in 2021
    Figure 64. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive
    Figure 65. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive
    Figure 66. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Industrial Chain Analysis
    Figure 67. Channels of Distribution
    Figure 68. Distributors Profiles
    Figure 69. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
    Figure 70. North America Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 71. Europe Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 72. China Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 73. Japan Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
    Figure 74. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Cyanoacrylate Adhesive (2017-2028) & (K MT)
    Figure 75. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
    Figure 76. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
    Figure 77. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Production Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
    Figure 78. Global Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
    Figure 79. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
    Figure 80. Data Triangulation